![]() Divide the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and thyroid. It is always closed except for momentary relaxation during swallowing. Its closure prevents air from being sucked into the upper esophagus when intrathoracic pressure falls, allowing air to be sucked only into the permanently open trachea. Total laryngectomy is generally done for advanced cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx. of oropharynx) Inferior pharyngeal constrictor Thyroid cartilage muscle. It is physiologically in a tonic state, constricting the distal end of the pharynx (in coordination with the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles). muscle Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Stylopharyngeus muscle Oral. The cricopharyngeus has an important sphincteric function. middle, & inferior pharyngeal constrictor (hypopharynx) muscles are in. pressure measured at the level of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. muscle Stylohyoid ligament Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle Inferior. It acts as a sphincter at the lower end of the pharynx and is always closed except for momentary relaxation during swallowing. muscles as you swallow, the effortful swallow is designed to increase contact. Its muscle fibers are continuous with the circular muscular coat of the esophagus. Its fibers run continuously from one side of the cricoid arch to the other side around the pharynx without inserting into a midline raphe posteriorly. It is composed of the inferior aspect of the middle constrictor and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The cricopharyngeus muscle is rounder and thicker than the other constrictor muscles. This lends support to the hypothesis that the etiopathogenesis of ZD is multifactorial while guiding us to a unified understanding of ZD. ![]() ![]() The lower fibers are horizontal and lie edge to edge with those of the cricopharyngeus component. Presentation of a rare, bilobed diverticulum emphasizes the importance of the midline prevertebral raphe in anchoring the pharyngeal constrictor muscles with respect to the CPM. Its fibers curve around posteriorly and insert into the midline raphe. The thyropharyngeus muscle arises from the (a) thyroid cartilage at the oblique line and (b) the tendinous arch that spans the cricothyroid muscle. ![]()
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